SET COMMANDS
These commands does not require statement terminator and
applicable to the sessions , those will be automatically cleared when session
was closed.
LINESIZE
This will be used to set the linesize. Default linesize is 80.
Syntax:
Set linesize <value>
Ex:
SQL> set linesize 100
PAGESIZE
This will be used to set the pagesize. Default pagesize is 14.
Syntax:
Set pagesize <value>
Ex:
SQL> set pagesize 30
DESCRIBE
This will be used to see the object’s structure.
Syntax:
Describe or desc
<object_name>
Ex:
SQL> desc dept
Name Null? Type
-----------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------
DEPTNO
NOT NULL NUMBER(2)
DNAME VARCHAR2(14)
LOC
VARCHAR2(13)
PAUSE
When the displayed data
contains hundreds or thousands of lines, when you select it then it will
automatically scrolls and displays the last page data. To prevent this you can
use this pause option. By using this it will display the data correspoinding to
the pagesize with a break which will continue by hitting the return key. By
default this will be off.
Syntax:
Set pause on |
off
Ex:
SQL> set pause on
FEEDBACK
This will give the
information regarding howmany rows you selected the object. By default the
feedback message will be displayed, only when the object contains more than 5 rows.
Syntax:
Set feedback <value>
Ex:
SQL> set feedback 4
SQL> select * from dept;
DEPTNO
DNAME LOC
---------- --------------
-------------
10
ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
20
RESEARCH DALLAS
30
SALES CHICAGO
40
OPERATIONS BOSTON
4 rows selected.
HEADING
If you want to display data without headings, then you can achieve
with this. By default heading is on.
Syntax:
Set heading on |
off
Ex:
SQL> set heading off
SQL> select * from dept;
10
ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
20
RESEARCH DALLAS
30
SALES CHICAGO
40
OPERATIONS BOSTON
SERVEROUTPUT
This will be used to display the output of the PL/SQL programs. By
default this will be off.
Syntax:
Set serveroutput
on | off
Ex:
SQL> set serveroutput on
TIME
This will be used to display the time. By default this will be
off.
Syntax:
Set time on | off
Ex:
SQL> set time on
19:56:33 SQL>
TIMING
This will give the time taken to execute the current SQL statement. By default
this will be off.
Syntax:
Set timing on |
off
Ex:
SQL> set timing on
SQL> select * from dept;
DEPTNO
DNAME LOC
---------- --------------
-------------
10
ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
20
RESEARCH DALLAS
30
SALES CHICAGO
40
OPERATIONS BOSTON
Elapsed: 00:00:00.06
SQLPROMPT
This will be used to change the SQL prompt.
Syntax:
Set sqlprompt <prompt>
Ex:
SQL> set sqlprompt 'ORACLE>'
ORACLE>
SQLCASE
This will be used to change the case of the SQL statements. By default
the case is mixed.
Syntax:
Set sqlcase upper
| mixed | lower
Ex:
SQL> set sqlcase upper
SQLTERMINATOR
This will be used to change the terminator of the SQL statements. By default
the terminator is ;.
Syntax:
Set sqlterminator
<termination_character>
Ex:
SQL> set sqlterminator :
SQL> select * from dept:
DEFINE
By default if the &
character finds then it will treat as bind variable and ask for the input.
Suppose your want to treat it as a normal character while inserting data, then
you can prevent this by using the define option. By default this will be on
Syntax:
Set define on |
off
Ex:
SQL>insert into dept
values(50,'R&D','HYD');
Enter value for d:
old 1: insert into dept
values(50,'R&D','HYD')
new 1: INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES(50,'R','HYD')
SQL> set define off
SQL>insert into dept
values(50,'R&D','HYD'); --
here it won’t ask for value
NEWPAGE
This will shows how many blank lines will be left before the report.
By default it will leave one blank line.
Syntax:
Set newpage <value>
Ex:
SQL> set newpage 10
The zero value for newpage
does not produce zero blank lines instead it switches to a special property
which produces a top-of-form character (hex 13) just before the date on each
page. Most modern printers respond to this by moving immediately to the top of
the next page, where the priting of the report will begin.
HEADSEP
This allow you to indicate where you want to break a page title or
a column heading that runs longer than one line. The default heading separator
is vertical bar (|).
Syntax:
Set headsep <separation_char>
Ex:
SQL> select * from dept;
DEPTNO
DNAME LOC
---------- --------------
-------------
10
ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
20
RESEARCH DALLAS
30
SALES CHICAGO
40
OPERATIONS BOSTON
SQL> set headsetp !
SQL> col dname heading
'DEPARTMENT ! NAME'
SQL> /
DEPARTMENT
DEPTNO NAME LOC
---------- ----------------- ----------
10 ACCOUNTING
NEW YORK
20 RESEARCH
DALLAS
30 SALES
CHICAGO
40 OPERATIONS
BOSTON
ECHO
When using a bind variable, the SQL statement is maintained by echo. By default this is off.
Syntax:
Set echo on | off
VERIFY
When using a bind variable, the old and new statements will be
maintained by verify. By default this is on.
Syntax:
Set verify on |
off
Ex:
SQL> select * from dept where
deptno = &dno;
Enter value for dno: 10
old 1: select * from dept where deptno =
&dno
new 1: select * from dept where deptno = 10
DEPTNO
DNAME LOC
---------- ---------------- -----------
10
ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
SQL> set verify off
SQL> select * from dept where
deptno = &dno;
Enter value for dno: 20
DEPTNO
DNAME LOC
---------- ------------- -----------
20
RESEARCH DALLAS
PNO
This will give displays the page numbers. By default the value
would be zero.
Ex:
SQL> col hiredate new_value
xtoday noprint format a1 trunc
SQL> ttitle left xtoday right
'page' sql.pno
SQL> select * from emp where
deptno = 10;
09-JUN-81
page 1
EMPNO
ENAME JOB MGR SAL
COMM DEPTNO
---------- ----------
--------------- --------- ----- ---------- ----------
7782
CLARK MANAGER
7839 2450 10
7839
KING PRESIDENT 5000 10
7934
MILLER CLERK 7782 1300 10
In the above noprint tells
SQLPLUS not to display this
column when it prints the results of the SQL statement. Dates that have been reformatted by TO_CHAR get a default width of
about 100 characters. By changing the format to a1 trunc, you minimize this
effect. NEW_VALUE inserts contents of the column retrieved by the SQL statement
into a variable called xtoday.
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